We use rheological approach, electronic microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to find optimal parameters of production of new perspective composite materials, dynamically vulcanized thermoelastic plastics (DVTP), based on large-tonnage caoutchoucs (SKI-3, SKEPT, SKN) and polyolefins (PP and PE) manufactured in Russia. It is found that there is a boundary layer between the phases, which structure depends on the conditions of the DVTP production, type and ratio of polymers to be mixed. We determine the density of lacing of the caoutchouc phase depending on the caoutchouc assortment, the percentage composition of caoutchouc and polyolefin, and the type of vulcanizing system. The composite materials produced with regard for the formula proposed have high physical-mechanical and construction characteristics and are distinguished by some essential advantages, if to compare them with the articles produced by application of the conventional ‘rubber’ technology. Thus, their extensive application instead of the rubber-technologically produced articles is possible.