For particulate-filled nanocomposites phenylone / aerosil found nanoadgezii effect, which consists in a sharp (an order of magnitude) increase in the level of interfacial adhesion “polymer matrix – nanofiller” when the last particle sizes less than 80 nm. This effect has a profound effect on the nanocomposite structure, namely, the formation of interfacial regions. In turn, changes in the relative share of the interfacial region is determined by a significant improvement in thermal, thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites studied.