Presents practical optimization algorithms using heuristic optimality criteria, and non-linear programming methods for solving problems of optimal design of composite structures. As the design parameters are considered as the thickness of individual monolayers and the orientation angles stacking monolayers. The basic ratio analysis of stress-strain state and stability of the panels made of composite materials (CM), discusses the algorithms developed to optimize designs. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by test examples of composite panels, the design problems of elastic-like pattern of high aspect ratio wing and wing swept maneuverable aircraft.