It is shown that the structure of polymeric composites filled with carbon nanotubes, a synergistic system. amplification effect (improved mechanical properties) non-aggregated polymer composites with carbon nanotubes is comparable with the effect of the reinforcement of composites in their filling esfoliirovannymi grate silicate (organo). Based on the principles of the most common mechanism of reinforcement of composites is defined by three groups of factors: the properties of the matrix polymer and nanofiller, but also the level of their interaction.