Computer tomography methods for study of the spatial organization (structure) of such complex natural biocomposites as human tissues are reviewed. Layerwise scanning of organs makes it possible to study the three-dimensional structure of human internal and motor organs in the norm and in pathology, including the asymmetry and anisotropy that are inherent to organ tissues. From the observations it is possible to draw inferences concerning close morphofunctional relationships that are important for development of noninvasive methods of diagnosing and predicting the behavior of the organism under extreme conditions (sports, work in the weightless state, reaction to unfavorable ecological conditions, trauma, wounds, illness, etc.).